{"id":155205,"date":"2025-06-20T13:11:14","date_gmt":"2025-06-20T07:41:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/blog\/?p=155205"},"modified":"2025-06-20T13:11:49","modified_gmt":"2025-06-20T07:41:49","slug":"vishleshan-for-regulatory-exams-check-daily-news-analysis-20th-june-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/blog\/vishleshan-for-regulatory-exams-check-daily-news-analysis-20th-june-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Vishleshan for Regulatory Exams: Check Daily News Analysis 20th June 2025\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/blog\/author\/asad-khanpracticemock-com\/\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"yoast-breadcrumbs\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/blog\/\">Home<\/a><\/span> \u00bb <span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/blog\/category\/vishleshan\/\">Vishleshan<\/a><\/span> \u00bb <span class=\"breadcrumb_last\" aria-current=\"page\">Vishleshan for Regulatory Exams: Check Daily News Analysis 20th June 2025\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In today\u2019s Vishleshan, we\u2019re decoding a critical and often misunderstood aspect of India\u2019s economy called the<\/strong> <strong>informal sector<\/strong>. Amid claims that India\u2019s GDP may be underestimated due to the informal economy&#8217;s vast presence, we examine how this sector is actually measured in national accounts. We walk you through the definitions, challenges, methodologies, and recent data improvements that show why India\u2019s informal economy is both significant and statistically visible. A must-read for aspirants to understand an important part of India\u2019s economic puzzle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/rbi-grade-b-test-series\/?ref=12710\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Take a Free RBI Grade Mock Test to Boost Your Preparation and Improve Success 10X Faster!<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>ALSO\u00a0CHECK\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/blog\/vishleshan-for-regulatory-exams-check-daily-news-analysis-19th-june-2025\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">News Analysis of 19th June 2025\u00a0<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Also, know why&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/blog\/rbi-grade-b-phase-1-exam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">RBI Grade B Phase 1 Exam: The Silent Eliminator of 99% Aspirants<\/a><\/strong> <strong>&amp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/blog\/what-is-the-finance-and-management-syllabus-for-rbi-grade-b-exam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What is the Finance and Management Syllabus for RBI Grade B Exam?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">India\u2019s Informal Sector<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Context<\/strong>: Arguments of GDP over- or under-estimation fall flat in the face of statistical progress made by India to measure this sector closely. The timeliness and regularity of NSS data have improved and surveys suggest this sector\u2019s growth has lately been robust.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong>: <strong>Mint<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>India&#8217;s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) measurement has recently come under media scrutiny, fuelled by speculation that the significant presence of the <strong>informal economy<\/strong> leads to underestimation. However, a closer look at India&#8217;s System of National Accounts (SNA) reveals that the informal economy is indeed included in GDP calculations, albeit with specific methodologies for its measurement. This discussion highlights the ongoing challenges and improvements in accurately capturing the contribution of this vast segment to the Indian economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Informal Economy:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>informal economy<\/strong> refers to economic activities that are not officially regulated, recorded, or taxed by the government. It operates outside the purview of formal laws and regulations, often characterized by small-scale, unregistered enterprises and casual employment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Definitions:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>International Labour Organization (ILO) Approach:<\/strong> Focuses on <strong>&#8220;informal employment&#8221;<\/strong>, primarily referring to work that happens without written contracts, job security, and often on daily wages.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>UN System of National Accounts (SNA) Approach:<\/strong> Refers to <strong>&#8220;value added within the household sector,&#8221;<\/strong> covering establishments that <strong>do not maintain regular books of accounts<\/strong>. Since <strong>2011-12<\/strong>, the Indian System of National Accounts has adopted this globally accepted definition to measure the informal economy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Examples:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Street vendors, small kirana (grocery) shops that don&#8217;t keep formal accounts, household help, daily wage labourers in construction, small independent artisans, small-scale farming operations, unregistered taxi drivers, and small repair shops.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Challenges to the Economy if the Informal Economy Size is Disproportionately Big:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Underestimation of GDP (if not measured):<\/strong> While the article dismisses the claim of non-measurement, if the informal sector were <em>not<\/em> adequately measured, it would lead to an underestimation of the true size of the economy and hinder accurate policymaking.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Loss of Tax Revenue:<\/strong> A large informal sector means a significant portion of economic activity remains outside the tax net, leading to <strong>lower government revenues<\/strong>. This limits public spending on infrastructure, education, and healthcare.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lack of Social Security and Worker Exploitation:<\/strong> Workers in the informal sector often lack <strong>written contracts, job security, social security benefits<\/strong> (like provident fund, health insurance, pensions), and are vulnerable to <strong>exploitation, low wages, and poor working conditions<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Limited Access to Formal Credit:<\/strong> Informal businesses often rely on informal sources of credit (e.g., moneylenders) at higher interest rates, limiting their growth potential and perpetuating a cycle of debt. They lack access to formal banking and institutional finance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Difficulty in Policy Formulation:<\/strong> The lack of reliable data on the informal sector makes it challenging for policymakers to design and implement effective economic policies, leading to &#8220;shooting in the dark at shape-shifting targets&#8221; in areas like welfare, education, and employment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lower Productivity:<\/strong> Informal enterprises generally have lower productivity due to limited access to technology, capital, and skilled labour.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Difficulty in Regulation:<\/strong> Regulatory oversight is challenging, leading to issues related to labour laws, environmental compliance, and quality control.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Analysis of the Article: Decoding the Informal Economy in India&#8217;s GDP Measurement<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The article effectively dismisses the simplistic notion that India&#8217;s GDP is underestimated because the informal sector is not measured. It provides a detailed explanation of how the informal economy is, in fact, included and measured within India&#8217;s National Accounts Statistics, while also addressing criticisms regarding potential mis-measurement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Inclusion of Informal Economy in India&#8217;s GDP Measurement:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Household Sector:<\/strong> The article clarifies that the informal economy, defined as &#8220;value added within the household sector&#8221; (establishments that do not maintain regular books of accounts), <strong>is included in India&#8217;s GDP measurement<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Globally Accepted Definition:<\/strong> Since <strong>2011-12<\/strong>, the Indian System of National Accounts has used this &#8220;globally accepted definition&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Methodologies for Measuring the Household Sector (Informal Economy):<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Commodity Flow Method (for Agriculture and Construction):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>For <strong>Agriculture, Forestry &amp; Fishing (40% of Household Sector GVA)<\/strong> and <strong>Construction (16% of Household Sector GVA)<\/strong>, which together account for <strong>over 56% of the household sector&#8217;s contribution to GVA<\/strong>, the GVA is computed through a <strong>&#8220;commodity flow&#8221; method<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This method uses &#8220;production data for these sectors is separately and independently verifiable, leaving little scope for under- or over-estimation&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"485\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/image-18.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-155216\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Employment and Establishment-Level Data (for other segments):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>For the remaining segments (Manufacturing &#8211; 4%, Trade, repair, hotels and restaurants &#8211; 14%, Transport, storage, communication &amp; services related to broadcasting &#8211; 6%, Real estate, ownership of dwelling and professional services &#8211; 15%, Other services &#8211; 4%, Mining &amp; quarrying &#8211; 1%), GVA computation in the <strong>base year 2011-12<\/strong> used <strong>employment data from the National Sample Survey&#8217;s (NSS) employment-unemployment numbers<\/strong> and <strong>establishment-level value added data from the 2010-11 NSS on unincorporated enterprises<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A major innovation in the 2015 revision was the use of an <strong>&#8220;effective labour&#8221; measure<\/strong>, which assigned &#8220;different weights for different types of employment (regular, casual, etc)&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Extrapolation in Subsequent Years:<\/strong> In years after the base year, GVA is moved using various indicators:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Transport:<\/strong> Growth in commercial vehicles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Trade:<\/strong> Sales tax collections (shifted to GST post-2017).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Manufacturing:<\/strong> Index of Industrial Production (IIP) and Annual Survey of Industries (ASI).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Other segments:<\/strong> Growth in corresponding corporate segments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Addressing Criticisms of Overestimation (Demonetization, GST, COVID-19):<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nature of Criticism:<\/strong> Some argue that the informal sector in GDP data is <strong>&#8220;actually overestimated&#8221;<\/strong> in the current series, particularly since the 2015 revision. Proponents of this criticism suggest that <strong>demonetization (2016)<\/strong> and <strong>GST introduction (2017)<\/strong>, and later the <strong>COVID-19 pandemic<\/strong>, severely impacted the informal sector, and this impact was not &#8220;adequately&#8221; reflected in the data.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Author&#8217;s Counter-Argument:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Limited Formalization by GST:<\/strong> The article explains that the &#8220;mere introduction of GST does not by itself lead enterprises to formalize,&#8221; as enterprises below certain turnover thresholds (<strong>\u20b920 lakh in services and \u20b940 lakh in goods<\/strong>) are not required to register. Even those up to <strong>\u20b91.5 crore turnover<\/strong> can opt for the GST composition scheme and are not required to maintain formal books of accounts. Thus, enterprises below \u20b91.5 crore turnover &#8220;remain in the household (i.e., informal) segment&#8221;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Robust Informal Sector Growth:<\/strong> Data from recent NSS surveys (annual\/quarterly employment surveys since 2017-18, now monthly; annual survey of unincorporated enterprises since 2021-22) &#8220;suggests that the informal sector has been growing robustly, undermining simple arguments of over-estimation&#8221;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Informal Employment Growth:<\/strong> The employment survey indicates that &#8220;employment in the informal sector is now better than at any time in the last 20 years,&#8221; although its compositional character is changing, with rapid growth in employment within household enterprises.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. Opportunity for Improved Measurement:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The &#8220;timeliness and regularity of informal sector data now available through the NSS is better than it has ever been&#8221;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This creates an opportunity for the &#8220;ongoing base revision to measure informal sector value added in a manner that offers more clarity&#8221; and to &#8220;reduce our dependence on episodic base revisions and have a genuinely continuous series of national accounts&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/rbi-grade-b-test-series\/?ref=13427\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/RBI-Grade-B-Most-Scoring-Topics-2025-Check-Weightage-of-All-Subjects.png\" alt=\"RBI Grade B Most Scoring Topics 2025, Check Weightage of All Subjects\" class=\"wp-image-152997\" style=\"width:694px;height:377px\" width=\"694\" height=\"377\"\/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>Join our unique Telegram group immediately to skyrocket your preparation for Regulatory exams via expert guidance, top tips, perfect feedback, and much more!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>[<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/RegulatoryPracticeMock\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&nbsp;Click Here to join the PracticeMock Telegram Group!<\/a>&nbsp;]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>[&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/RegulatoryPM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click Here to join the PracticeMock Telegram Discussion Group Link!&nbsp;<\/a>]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Related Posts:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/blog\/rbi-grade-b\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/blog\/rbi-grade-b-notification\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">RBI Grade B Notification<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/blog\/rbi-grade-b-syllabus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">RBI Grade B Syllabus<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/blog\/rbi-grade-b-exam-pattern\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">RBI Grade B Exam Pattern<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/rbi-grade-b-test-series\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">RBI Grade B Mock Test<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/blog\/rbi-grade-b-cut-off\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">RBI Grade B Cut Off<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/blog\/rbi-grade-b-eligibility-criteria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">RBI Grade B Eligibility<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/blog\/rbi-grade-b-salary\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">RBI Grade B Salary<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/blog\/rbi-grade-b-study-plan-2025\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">RBI Grade B Study Plan<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/blog\/rbi-grade-b-2025-preparation-strategy-for-6-months\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">RBI Grade B Preparation<\/a><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.practicemock.com\/blog\/rbi-grade-b-exam-date-2025\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">RBI Grade B Exam Date<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Is India\u2019s GDP underestimated? Learn how the informal sector is actually measured and why it matters for exams like RBI Grade B.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":155236,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4022],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-155205","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vishleshan"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Vishleshan for Regulatory Exams: Check Daily News Analysis 20th June 2025\u00a0<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Is India\u2019s GDP underestimated? 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