The Hindu Editorial 6th October 2025 Vocabulary, Summary, Tone, Descriptive

The Hindu Editorial Vocabulary is highly useful for Bank and SSC exams, especially for the English section. Regular reading improves vocabulary, comprehension, and grammar. Editorials contain high-quality language, idioms, phrasal verbs, and advanced vocabulary frequently asked in exams. Learning 10–15 new words daily and reading the summary of the passage from editorials helps in scoring better in Cloze Tests, Reading Comprehension, Fill in the Blanks, and Synonyms-Antonyms. It also boosts your confidence in descriptive writing and interviews. Consistent practice with these words, along with usage in sentences, enhances retention. Hence, the Hindu editorials serve as a rich and reliable source for English preparation in competitive exams.

Reading Comprehension passages are an integral part of the English section of government exams. However, for beginners, such passages can seem difficult. The Hindu Editorial is an excellent tool to improve the reading and understanding of passages. The language is very similar to the passages that generally appear in the English section of government exams, and each paragraph is filled with exam-relevant vocabulary and real-world topics. First, go through the vocabulary section and read the meanings of the words, their Hindi translations, synonyms, and antonyms. Then read the summary of the passage provided to you. Once you know the meanings of the words, read the passage carefully, and you will feel that it is much easier to understand the main idea and tone of the passage. This method not only improves the understanding of reading comprehension passages but also builds a strong vocabulary base for cloze tests and sentence fillers in the exam. Doing this every day will boost your confidence in the English section and help improve your scores in sections such as Reading Comprehension, Cloze Tests, and Sentence Fillers.

The Hindu Editorial 6th October 2025

Japan’s Iron Lady: on the rise of Sanae Takaichi  

Takaichi is a polarising figure leading a fractious coalition

Even before she faces a parliament vote to become Japan’s first woman Prime Minister, Sanae Takaichi has set a record as the first woman to lead Japan’s dominant Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). After defeating her more centrist rival Shinjiro Koizumi in party elections on Friday, Ms. Takaichi, a 64-year-old protégée of former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, is seen as a socially conservative right-winger. If she wins the parliamentary vote, as expected, she faces more difficult challenges than breaking the decades-old glass ceiling. To begin with, Ms. Takaichi is the latest in a series of Japanese Prime Ministers ousted from office, even as the LDP and its partner Komeito have lost majorities in both houses, and will need to lead a fractious coalition by reaching out to the opposition. Her predecessor Shigeru Ishiba stepped down after the LDP lost its majority, after serving for less than a year. It remains to be seen how Ms. Takaichi, who has spoken of her admiration for former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, is able to emulate the “Iron Lady’s” successes in holding the party and government together. While clearly the most popular party leader at the moment, she is a polarising politician who is known for strong views against immigration, and in favour of revising Japan’s pacifist constitution. She does not project a feminist agenda and has been criticised for refusing to review archaic Japanese laws on married women keeping surnames or on the more contentious issue of female succession in Japanese royalty. The second challenge is geopolitical — Japan’s public confidence in the United States has been shaken by the Trump administration’s actions, including driving a hard bargain on the Free Trade Agreement. Ms. Takaichi is a hardliner on China, which could put her on a collision course with Beijing. Her rise has also been seen with some concern in South Korea, which had begun to warm up to Japan, as her visits to the Yasukuni shrine to venerate Japanese war heroes, and her tough line against war reparations, may be a red flag. Finally, Ms. Takaichi, a former Economic Security Minister, will have to contend with Japan’s long-term economic challenges and demographic decline.

In India, her win will be largely seen positively, given her association with Shinzo Abe, whose tenures saw rapid improvements in India-Japan ties. The government will seek to continue its cooperation on many fronts, especially in technology and critical mineral processing. Above all, amidst uncertainty over the Quad summit and Mr. Trump’s commitment to the Indo-Pacific policy, New Delhi will hope to see a strong leader in Tokyo, who will help shore up the geopolitical turbulence that the region now faces.

The Hindu Editorial 6th October 2025 Vocabulary

1. Polarising (adjective)

• Meaning: Causing strong division or contrasting opinions among people
• Synonyms: divisive, contentious, controversial, discordant
• Antonyms: unifying, harmonious, conciliatory, agreeable

2. Fractious (adjective)

• Meaning: Difficult to control; full of disagreement or conflict
• Synonyms: unruly, quarrelsome, discordant, turbulent
• Antonyms: cooperative, peaceful, compliant, harmonious

3. Lead (verb)

• Meaning: To be in charge of or guide a group or organisation
• Synonyms: head, command, direct, govern
• Antonyms: follow, obey, submit, yield

4. Dominant (adjective)

• Meaning: Most powerful, influential, or controlling
• Synonyms: prevailing, authoritative, preeminent, supreme
• Antonyms: subordinate, inferior, secondary, minor

5. Protégée (noun)

• Meaning: A person guided and supported by an older or more experienced mentor
• Synonyms: apprentice, disciple, pupil, mentee
• Antonyms: mentor, guide, teacher, instructor

6. Glass ceiling (noun phrase)

• Meaning: An invisible barrier preventing women or minorities from reaching top positions
• Synonyms: invisible barrier, discrimination, systemic obstacle
• Antonyms: equal opportunity, open access, meritocracy

7. Ousted (verb, past participle)

• Meaning: Removed or forced out of position or office
• Synonyms: expelled, deposed, dismissed, displaced
• Antonyms: appointed, retained, reinstated, installed

8. Stepped down (phrasal verb)

• Meaning: Resigned or left an official position voluntarily
• Synonyms: resigned, retired, withdrew, abdicated
• Antonyms: assumed office, continued, persisted, retained

9. Emulate (verb)

• Meaning: To imitate or match, especially to equal or surpass
• Synonyms: imitate, mirror, follow, rival
• Antonyms: differ, contrast, oppose, deviate

10. Revising (verb, present participle)

• Meaning: Changing or improving something, often a law or document
• Synonyms: amending, modifying, altering, reforming
• Antonyms: preserving, maintaining, retaining, upholding

11. Pacifist (adjective)

• Meaning: Opposed to war or violence as a means of settling disputes
• Synonyms: peace-loving, non-violent, anti-war
• Antonyms: militant, aggressive, belligerent, warlike

12. Project (verb)

• Meaning: To present or portray an image or attitude
• Synonyms: convey, display, exhibit, express
• Antonyms: conceal, suppress, withhold, hide

13. Agenda (noun)

• Meaning: A plan or underlying intention guiding actions or policies
• Synonyms: program, plan, strategy, motive
• Antonyms: spontaneity, aimlessness, disorganisation

14. Review (verb)

• Meaning: To re-examine or reconsider something
• Synonyms: reassess, evaluate, scrutinise, inspect
• Antonyms: ignore, overlook, neglect, disregard

15. Archaic (adjective)

• Meaning: Old-fashioned and no longer in general use
• Synonyms: outdated, obsolete, antiquated, primitive
• Antonyms: modern, contemporary, updated, current

16. Contentious (adjective)

• Meaning: Likely to cause disagreement or argument
• Synonyms: disputable, debatable, controversial, polemical
• Antonyms: agreeable, uncontroversial, undisputed, accepted

17. Confidence (noun)

• Meaning: Trust or belief in the reliability or strength of something
• Synonyms: faith, assurance, reliance, conviction
• Antonyms: distrust, doubt, scepticism, uncertainty

18. Shaken (adjective)

• Meaning: Weakened or disturbed in stability or belief
• Synonyms: unsettled, disturbed, rattled, undermined
• Antonyms: strengthened, stabilised, reinforced, firmed

19. Driving a hard bargain (idiom)

• Meaning: Demanding very favourable terms in a negotiation
• Synonyms: negotiating toughly, being uncompromising, pressing advantage
• Antonyms: yielding easily, compromising, being lenient

20. Hardliner (noun)

• Meaning: A person with uncompromising or extreme political views
• Synonyms: extremist, radical, fanatic, diehard
• Antonyms: moderate, reformist, centrist, liberal

21. On a collision course (idiom)

• Meaning: Heading toward conflict or confrontation
• Synonyms: in conflict, at odds, in opposition, adversarial
• Antonyms: in agreement, aligned, cooperative, harmonious

22. Warm up to (phrasal verb)

• Meaning: To begin to like or feel more positive toward someone or something
• Synonyms: become receptive, accept, favour, open up to
• Antonyms: reject, oppose, resist, turn away from

23. Venerate (verb)

• Meaning: To regard with great respect or reverence
• Synonyms: revere, worship, honour, adore
• Antonyms: despise, disdain, disrespect, dishonour

24. Tough line (noun phrase)

• Meaning: A strict or uncompromising stance on an issue
• Synonyms: hard stance, firm position, rigid policy
• Antonyms: lenient view, flexible approach, conciliatory stand

25. Reparations (noun, plural)

• Meaning: Compensation given for wrongs or damages caused
• Synonyms: amends, restitution, compensation, indemnity
• Antonyms: penalty, damage, forfeiture

26. Red flag (noun phrase)

• Meaning: A warning sign indicating danger or concern
• Synonyms: warning, alert, caution, signal of risk
• Antonyms: reassurance, approval, endorsement, encouragement

27. Contend (verb)

• Meaning: To struggle or deal with difficulties
• Synonyms: grapple, cope, strive, face
• Antonyms: avoid, evade, surrender, yield

28. Association (noun)

• Meaning: Connection or relationship with a person or organisation
• Synonyms: affiliation, alliance, partnership, linkage
• Antonyms: disassociation, separation, detachment, isolation

29. Fronts (noun, plural)

• Meaning: Areas of activity or fields of operation
• Synonyms: domains, sectors, spheres, arenas
• Antonyms: inactivities, voids, gaps, absences

30. Shore up (phrasal verb)

• Meaning: To support or strengthen something, especially in difficulty
• Synonyms: bolster, reinforce, sustain, fortify
• Antonyms: weaken, undermine, erode, destabilise

31. Turbulence (noun)

• Meaning: A state of disturbance, instability, or conflict
• Synonyms: unrest, upheaval, turmoil, disorder
• Antonyms: calm, stability, peace, tranquillity

Formal Summary for Bank Mains Descriptive Practice:

Sanae Takaichi, a 64-year-old conservative politician and protégé of former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, has become the first woman to lead Japan’s ruling Liberal Democratic Party and is expected to be elected as the country’s first female Prime Minister. She faces the dual challenge of managing a divided coalition government and addressing Japan’s internal and external issues. Domestically, she must stabilise the fractious political environment, revive the stagnant economy, and tackle demographic decline. Internationally, her rigid stance on China and controversial visits to the Yasukuni shrine may strain relations with neighbouring nations such as South Korea, while Japan’s confidence in the U.S. has been shaken due to recent trade tensions. Although viewed as a polarising leader, her association with Shinzo Abe is expected to strengthen India-Japan relations, particularly in technology, mineral processing, and Indo-Pacific cooperation. Her leadership will determine Japan’s ability to navigate political instability and global uncertainty.

Student-Friendly Summary for Understanding:

Sanae Takaichi has made history by becoming the first woman to lead Japan’s ruling party and is likely to be the country’s first female Prime Minister. Known for her strong right-wing views, she faces many challenges. Within Japan, she has to handle political divisions, an unstable economy, and a rapidly ageing population. Outside Japan, her tough stand on China and her visits to a war shrine could cause tension with countries like South Korea. People also worry about Japan’s weakening trust in the United States due to trade disagreements. Despite being seen as a controversial leader, her close link with former PM Shinzo Abe gives her an advantage in continuing strong ties with India, especially in areas like technology and the Indo-Pacific region. Her success will depend on how well she manages both domestic and global challenges.

The Hindu Editorial 6th October 2025 – Tone Analysis

The tone of the passage is analytical, cautious, and evaluative.

The passage analytically presents the political rise of Sanae Takaichi, assessing her ideological stance, leadership challenges, and implications for Japan’s domestic and foreign policies. 

The cautious tone reflects the author’s awareness of the political instability and diplomatic sensitivities surrounding her leadership — particularly her right-wing image, rigid views on China, and strained regional ties. 

The evaluative tone emerges as the writer weighs both opportunities and risks her leadership presents, especially regarding Japan’s governance, global position, and its relations with India. 

Overall, the passage neither praises nor criticises Sanae Takaichi strongly — it provides a clear, thoughtful assessment of her political journey.

Most expected essays for 2025 descriptive exams:

Topic: Ethics and Automation

Automation, driven by artificial intelligence and machine learning, has revolutionised industries by improving efficiency, accuracy, and productivity. However, as machines take over tasks once performed by humans, important ethical questions arise regarding employment, accountability, and fairness.

One major ethical concern is the displacement of human workers. While automation enhances productivity, it also risks widening the gap between skilled and unskilled labour, potentially leading to unemployment and inequality. Organisations must, therefore, adopt a responsible approach by retraining employees and creating opportunities for new skill development.

Another concern relates to decision-making by automated systems. Algorithms used in finance, healthcare, or recruitment may reflect biases embedded in their programming, resulting in unfair or discriminatory outcomes. Ethical automation requires transparency, regular audits, and human oversight to ensure accountability.

Data privacy is also a significant issue. Automated systems collect vast amounts of personal data, which, if misused, can compromise individual rights. Strict adherence to privacy laws and ethical standards is essential to maintain public trust.

In conclusion, automation is not inherently unethical, but its application must be guided by human values, fairness, and responsibility. Balancing technological advancement with moral accountability will ensure that automation serves humanity rather than replacing it. Ethical governance, education, and inclusive growth are key to achieving a just and sustainable future in the age of automation.

Exam Hall Approach For Descriptive Writing

1. Read the topic carefully – Understand what exactly is being asked (cause, effect, solution?).

2. Spend 3–4 mins planning – Jot down 3 key points for the body (intro → 3 points → conclusion).

3. Write 1–2 lines introduction – Direct, relevant, no quotes or fluff.

4. Develop each point in 3–4 lines – One idea per paragraph.

5. Conclude with a positive, forward-looking line – Shows analytical maturity.

Things to Keep in Mind

1. Stick to the word limit.

2. Use simple, formal English – No fancy vocabulary unless sure of meaning.

3. Stick to facts/examples briefly – Do not over-explain.

4. Maintain a neutral tone – IBPS expects analysis, not emotional or biased writing.

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