At the time that the Constitution commenced, it was divided into 395 articles in 22 part and 8 schedules. Already the longest constitution in the world, it has now grown to 448 articles in 25 parts, 12 schedules with 5 appendices and 98 amendments. The Constitution of India, whose chief architect was Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949 and came into force on 26th January 1950. It is the highest law of the land and cannot be overridden by the Parliament. This article talks about the parts of the Constitution as well as the important articles of the Constitution of India. This is an important lesson in Civics and Polity, and is useful for all competitive and recruitment exams.
PARTS | SUBJECTS | ARTICLES |
---|---|---|
I | The Union and its territory | 1-4 |
II | Citizenship | 5-11 |
III | Fundamental Rights | 12-35 |
IV | Directive Principles of State Policy | 36-51 |
IV A | Fundamental Duties | 51-A |
V | THE UNION | |
The Executive | 52-78 | |
Parliament | 79-122 | |
Legislative Powers of the President | 123 | |
The Union Judiciary | 124-147 | |
Comptroller and Auditor- General of India | 148-151 | |
VI | THE STATES | |
General (Definition) | 152 | |
The Executive | 153-167 | |
The State Legislature | 168-212 | |
Legislative Powers of the Governor | 213 | |
The High Courts in the States | 214-231 | |
Subordinate Courts | 233-237 | |
VIII | The Union Territories | 239-241 |
IX | The Panchayats | 243 to 243-0 |
IX-A | The Municipalities | 243-P to 243-ZG |
IX-B | The Co-Operative Societies | 243-ZH to 243-ZT |
X | The Scheduled and Tribal Areas | 244 to 244-A |
XI | RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNION AND THE STATES | |
Legislative Relations | 245-255 | |
Administrative Relations | 256-263 | |
XII | FINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS AND SUITS | |
Finance | 264-290 | |
Borrowing | 292-293 | |
Property, Contracts, Rights, Liabilities, Obligations and Suits | 294-300 | |
Right to Property | 300-A | |
XIII | Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the territory of India | 301-307 |
XIV | SERVICES UNDER THE UNION AND THE STATES | |
Services | 308-314 | |
Public Service Commissions | 315-323 | |
XIV – A | Tribunals | 323-A to 323-B |
XV | Elections | 324 to 329 |
XVI | Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes | 330-342 |
XVII | OFFICIAL LANGUAGE | |
Language of the Union | 343-344 | |
Regional Languages | 345- 347 | |
Languages of the Supreme Court, High Courts, etc. | 348- 349 | |
Special Directives | 350- 351 | |
XVIII | Emergency Provisions | 352-360 |
XIX | Miscellaneous | 361-367 |
XX | Amendment of the Constitution | 368 |
XXI | Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions | 369-392 |
XXII | Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals | 393-395 |
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Article 1-4: deals with the territory of India, formation of new states, alterations, names of existing states.
Article 5-11: deals with various rights of citizenship.
Article 12-35: deals with fundamental rights of Indian Citizen Abolition of untouchability and titles.
Articles 36-51: deals with Directive Principles of State Policy.
Articles 51A: this part was added by 42nnd Amendment in 1976, which contains the fundamental duties of the citizens.
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Articles 52-151: deals with government at the centre level.
Articles 152-237: deals with government at the state level.
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Article 238: deals with states.
Articles 239-241: deals with Union Territories
Articles 242-243: it consists of two parts: (i) added by 73rd amendment in 1992, which contains a new schedule. It contains 29 subjects related to Panchayati Raj, who have been given administrative powers. (ii) Added by 74th amendment in 1992, which contains a new schedule. It contains 18 subjects relate to municipalities, who have been given administrative powers.
Articles 244-244A: deals with scheduled and tribal areas.
Articles 245-263: deals with the relationship between union and states.
Articles 264-300A: deals with the distribution of revenue between union and states, appointment of Finance Commission etc.
Article 301-307: deals with the trade, commerce and intercourse within the territory of India.
Article 308-323: deals with UPSC and Public Services Commissions.
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Article 323A, 323B: Added by 42nd Amendment in 1976. Deals with administrative tribunals set up by parliament to hear disputes and complaints regarding Union, states or local Government Employees.
Articles 324-329: deals with election.
Articles 330-342: deals with special provision for SCs and STs and Anglo-Indian Representatives.
Articles 343-351: deals with official language of union and states.
Article 352-360: deals with emergency provisions, President’s rule.
Articles 361-367: deals with exemption of criminal proceedings for their official acts of president and governors.
Article 368: deals with Amendment of constitution.
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Article 369-392: article 370 deals with special status to J&K.
Article 371A gives special provisions with respect to state of Nagaland.
Articles 393-395: deals with the short title, commencement and repeal of the constitution.
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